{"id":1932,"date":"2016-07-09T20:48:50","date_gmt":"2016-07-09T12:48:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/systemsci.org\/jinshanw\/?p=1932"},"modified":"2017-11-03T14:25:05","modified_gmt":"2017-11-03T06:25:05","slug":"why-quantum-mechanics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.systemsci.org\/jinshanw\/2016\/07\/09\/why-quantum-mechanics\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bfc\u5f15\u91cc\u9762\u8bb2\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5728\u300a\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bfc\u5f15\u300b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u91cc\u9762\u8bb2\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u751a\u81f3\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u548c\u901a\u5e38\u5927\u5bb6\u719f\u6089\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u4e16\u754c\u884c\u4e3a\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u91cf\u5b50\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u662f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\uff1a\u6709\u4e00\u6247\u95e8\u4f60\u6ca1\u6709\u6253\u5f00\u770b\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u5730\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5fc3\u667a\u6a21\u578b\u6700\u597d\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u7684\uff1a\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5fc3\u667a\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u95e8\u7684\u6574\u7406\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u6ca1\u6709\u77db\u76fe\uff08\u6216\u8005\u6709\u77db\u76fe\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u59a8\u788d\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u548c\u7b80\u5355\u6027\uff09\u7684\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u6700\u5f3a\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u95e8\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u91ca\u73b0\u5b9e\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5fc3\u667a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5c31\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6784\u6210\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e5f\u6210\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u603b\u662f\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u62c6\u5206\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff08\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u91cd\u65b0\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff09\u548c\u4ece\u90e8\u5206\u5230\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e2d\u95f4\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u91cc\u9762\u90fd\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f53\u73b0\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u504f\u504f\u628a\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u5f3a\u8c03\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u6982\u8bba\u90e8\u5206\u5b66\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u7406\u57fa\u7840\u90e8\u5206\u518d\u5b66\u4e00\u6b21\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6bd4\u505a\u81ea\u7531\u843d\u4f53\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8fd8\u7b80\u5355\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u7b2c\u4e94\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u8bba\uff08\u72ec\u7acb\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u7ecf\u5178\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u5f88\u591a\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u610f\u601d\u548c\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u52a0\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd8\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u529b\u5b66\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u529b\u5b66\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8865\u5145\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u52a8\u91cf\uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5c0f\u4f5c\u7528\u91cf\u548cHamilton\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7ed9\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u529b\u5b66\u505a\u94fa\u57ab\uff0c\u4e5f\u65b9\u4fbf\u5c06\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7b49\u66f4\u52a0\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e5f\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7edf\u8ba1\u529b\u5b66\u91cc\u9762\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4ece\u4e2a\u4f53\u5230\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u503c\u5f97\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5904\u7406\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u548c\u6280\u672f\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0cBoltzmann\u5206\u5e03\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u503c\u5f97\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u7cfb\u7efc\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u601d\u8003\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ece\u4e00\u5b9a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2a\u4f53\u5230\u6574\u4f53\u4ece\u76f4\u63a5\u5230\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u7edf\u8ba1\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u8fd8\u8981\u968f\u7740\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u5728\u66f4\u52a0\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5728\u300a\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bfc\u5f15\u300b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u91cc\u9762\u8bb2\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\uff1f 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